He was first to be recognized in Roman mythology as being associated with water around 399 BC. Neptune, the God of the SeaĬarrying a trident with three prongs, Neptune rode a horse or a dolphin and ruled the sea. It was important that these sacrificial animals were white. Sacrificial offerings to Jupiter included the ox (castrated bull), the lamb, and the wether (castrated ram). Jupiter was also the Roman god of justice which is where the phrase “By Jove” comes from. The Romans considered him the equivalent of the Greek god, Zeus, and in Roman art and literature, Zeus is given the name Iuppiter. This name referred not only to his rule over the gods and the universe but also to his power to make laws, control the realms and speak through oracles. The Romans worshiped him as Jupiter Optimus Maximus. He forms part of the Capitoline Triad and is the consort of Juno. His father is Saturn and his brother is Neptune. Called dies pater, or “shining father,” he is the protector of laws and the state, and the Romans believed that Jupiter guarded their city. The eagle is his sacred animal and the thunderbolt is his identifying weapon. With his enormous power, he is said to rule the light and the sky. Jupiter, also known as Jove, is the chief Roman deity.
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